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The views expressed in this article are those of the author alone and do not necessarily reflect the position of the Andiana Foundation. Introduction The open conflicts of late throughout the Middle East have re-shaped the narrative around the issue of water governance in the region. The weaponization of water resources is too often overlooked. The current US-Israel vs. Iran war demands reconsideration of the issue. Iran’s attacks on hydro-infrastructures in targeted Gulf st

Since the fall of the Afghan Republic in 2021, it has been made clear that neighboring states want to solve a range of longstanding problems that have been exacerbated by the Taliban rule. Pronouncements on the need for stability in Afghanistan and the resolution of ongoing concerns about international crime and terrorism, water rights, and migration flows come frequently from regional groupings such as the Shanghai Cooperation Organization, Central Asia C5 group, the Collect

In this analysis, Mustafa Aryan unpacks Pakistan's shift from proxy influence to airstrikes in Afghanistan and why it reveals the limits of coercing a regime with structural constraints and little incentive to comply.