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Contemporary debates on emerging technologies and artificial intelligence (AI) tend to focus on algorithms, computing power, data, and innovation ecosystems. Yet beneath this increasingly digital narrative lies a fundamentally material reality: AI systems depend on complex global supply chains built on critical minerals and rare earth elements. As the global AI race intensifies, geopolitical rivalry is increasingly extending beyond semiconductor fabrication and software devel

The views expressed in this article are those of the author alone and do not necessarily reflect the position of the Andiana Foundation. Introduction The open conflicts of late throughout the Middle East have re-shaped the narrative around the issue of water governance in the region. The weaponization of water resources is too often overlooked. The current US-Israel vs. Iran war demands reconsideration of the issue. Iran’s attacks on hydro-infrastructures in targeted Gulf st

Since the fall of the Afghan Republic in 2021, it has been made clear that neighboring states want to solve a range of longstanding problems that have been exacerbated by the Taliban rule. Pronouncements on the need for stability in Afghanistan and the resolution of ongoing concerns about international crime and terrorism, water rights, and migration flows come frequently from regional groupings such as the Shanghai Cooperation Organization, Central Asia C5 group, the Collect